Value engineering is a system, but, instead of parts, it consists of approaches, understandings, and techniques – for one sole purpose, the efficient identification of unnecessary cost.
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Instead of thinking and talking in terms of "things" we must change to "functions".

No one really wants a refrigerator, he wants the food preserved.
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Without meaningful cost, decisions will not, and cannot, be made to provide good value.
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Whenever the objective is to promote beneficial change, always use specifics.

Generalities serve only to prevent changes and protect the status quo.